The Proconiini comprises 422 species distributed in the continental Americas, the highest biodiversity is found in the Neotropical Region (Wilson et al. 2009). Members of the tribe Proconiini have been identified as vectors of many diseases caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. 1978, which occurs only in the xylem of plants (Marucci et al. 2002). Strains of X. fastidiosa cause diseases such as “Pierce’s Disease” (PD) in grape (Vitis vinífera L.), “Phony Peach Disease” (PPD), “Coffee Leaf Scorch” (CLS), “Oleander Leaf Scorch” (OLS), and “Citrus Variegated Chlorosis” (CVC) among others. These incurable maladies produce substantial economic losses in a diverse variety of crops (Hernandez-Martinez et al. 2006). In South America the major threat is CVC which has spread rapidly throughout Brazil (Lopes 1996). X. fastidiosa is also present in United States, México, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina (Redak et al. 2004), and Costa Rica (Aguilar et al. 2005). However, CVC is not yet reported from the USA although it has the potential to threaten orange (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) production in the Americas if a suitable vector is available (Damsteegt et al. 2006). Diseases caused by X. fastidiosa have attained great importance worldwide as insect vectors of this pathogen have demonstrated an ability to spread, as happened with Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), which invaded many islands in the Pacific Ocean (Pilkington et al. 2005). Pathogen acquisition and transmission by sharpshooters occurs because these insects feed exclusively on xylem fluids (Young 1968). Despite this obvious importance, there are few studies from South America that have identified Proconiini species that can transmit X. fastidiosa. Moreover, there is no basic information on biology, geographic distributions, phenology, natural enemies or host plant associations for many South American Proconiini species. To address this shortcoming, work presented here provides new distributional records for thirteen South American Proconiini sharpshooters that may be potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. The examined material is deposited in the following entomological collections of Argentina: Instituto Miguel Lillo (IMLA); Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (MLP) and Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ (MACN). Specific identification and distributional data were compiled from Young (1968), Marucci et al. (2002) and Wilson et al. (2009).