Chlorogonalia Young, 1977, and Caldwelliola Young, 1977, are superficially very similar genera that may not be closely related genera within the tribe Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). Two species, Chlorogonalia ultima Young and Caldwelliola reservata (Fowler), are particularly similar phenotypically and are sympatric in Ecuador (new country record for C reservata). New diagnostic features are given for both genera; two of these features can be assessed in undissected specimens. Caldivelliola tharma (Young) is proposed as a new combination (from Chlorogonalia). Species of both genera are possible vectors of the bacterium Xylella jastidiosa in coffee; Caldwelliola caucana has been directly implicated as a vector of the crespera disease in Colombia. An illustrated key is included to distinguish the four known species of Chlorogonalia.