Hirsutella as biological controller agent of mites and insects of agricultural importance
Description
Integrated pest management is an integral solution to agricultural production processes, especially when it integrates eco-friendly biological mechanisms. Fungal species belonging to the genus Hirsutella are capable to infect and parasite a wide variety of invertebrates and pathogens. Its development on the host generates a grayish yellow mycelium with low percentages in formation of conidia. Morphogenetic characterization of Hirsutella been used conserved regions of rRNA called ITS allowing reveal homologies with significant biocontrol genres as Beauveria and Cordyceps. It has been possible to detect that the pathogenicity of Hirsutella is due to complex metabolic toxins that developed during the vegetative stage as are Hirsutellin in H. thompsonii. The biocontrol properties for the fungus act on various species of mites and insects that cause diseases in crops of agronomic importance. In Mites is registered the ability of Hirsutella to colonize and control species such as Aceria guerreronis (damage to coconut fruit), Acalitus vaccinii (blueberry bud mite), Tetranychus urticae, and Calacarus heveae (pathogen rubber tree). In insects that capacity has been demonstrated in species such as Diaphorina citri, transmitter of the bacterium Candidatus liberibacter, Homalodisca vitripennis, transmitter of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and Delphacodes kuscheli transmitter of Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV). This literature review aimed to enlighten the reader the benefits of using fungi with biocontrol potential as Hirsutella, which is an alternative mechanism to the indiscriminate use of chemicals to control pests.